A Cosmic Portrait of Herr Mozart

“When I am completely alone…completely myself, entirely alone…my ideas flow best and most abundantly. Whence and how these come I know not nor can I force them…Nor do I hear in my imagination the parts successively, but I hear them gleich alles zusammen (at the same time).”

--Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Above Image: a pencil portrait of Austrian composer Mozart by Jude Cowell

The natal chart of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart with brief biographical details shows his Mercury-ruled Virgo Ascendant, sign of health, with the North Node of public contact rising and novelty-loving, eccentric Uranus setting at the Descendant and conjoining the separative South Node which suggests a life full of unsettling societal conditions, separations, and difficult or upsetting relationships.

Mozart was born with natal chart-ruler Mercury, planet of the senses, in detached Aquarius, sign of the new, the novel, the original, the genius. See his quote concerning his preference for creative solitude, above.

A Cosmic Picture of The Death of Mozart

When we consider a horoscope of The Death of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart on December 5, 1791 at 1:00 am LMT in Vienna, Austria, we find that his death occurred during an Hour of Saturn, karmic planet of endings, restriction, and loss. Chart-ruler Mercury @19Sag09 has moved beyond the Sun @12Sag52 and both embrace Mozart’s very close natal Moon-Pluto conjunction (17Sag45/47) in his natal 4th house of Endings and The Drain. In life, a Moon-Pluto conjunction shows deep passions and emotions, idealism, domestic tyranny, and a bottomless fountain of creativity that wells up from the Collective Unconscious.

The critical 29th-degree Death Ascendant when rounded up is apt: ’30 Virgo’ = “Having an Urgent Task to Complete, a Man Doesn’t Look to Any Distractions” (via SolaFire Gold Software #ad).

Working Feverishly Under an Inspiring Fire Grand Trine of Creativity

Sun (vitality) and Mercury (his natal chart-ruler), a depressive Moon-Saturn conjunction in Mars-ruled Aries, plus, South Node of the Moon @10Ari58 stationary suggests major separation from the lunar physical body, along with an 11th house Uranus @18Leo56 Rx forming a Fire Grand Trine over his head indicating burning creative spurts of energy while his health was greatly affected by an overindulgent lifestyle, various personal excesses, lack of rest, and workaholism which perhaps is to be expected from one gifted with musical genius and an unfortunate tendency to overspend all earnings as well as to waste vital resources (health).

Biological indicators for various planets and planetary blends may be found in Reinhold Ebertin's book, The Combination of Stellar Influences #ad.

Such as:

Moon-Saturn = bladder infection (which may have been an inherited tendency–he had suffered from urinary troubles in the past), Venus at a critical, anxious 29th degree (as is the Ascendant, the death itself) with sugary Venus denoting bladder and veins along with Venus-Neptune (sexual disease; weakened bladder/kidneys); lead planet in a ruthless Locomotive pattern is separative Uranus (pituitary gland); Mars @17Vir48, sign of the bowels = infection and/or assault, plus, Mars inconjunct Pluto = depleted energy from taking on too much work than can safely be done (so much to do, so little time), added to financial stress, poor nutrition, and self-persecution from a feeling of guilt and the sense that he had to work more than others in order to prove himself. Prove himself to 'papa'?

Meanwhile, creepy Pluto @20AQ01 conjoins Mozart’s natal Vertex, a fated point of encounter which may be involved or triggered at times of death - as here, conjunct Pluto no less, plus, mythological Pluto is the ‘god of Hades’ and astrologically co-rules the Scorpionic 8th house of Death and Transformation. Sadly, years of bad habits weaken the immune system which makes any new condition or illness more difficult to overcome.

In Mozart's death horoscope, the Saturn-Pluto midpoint (calcification) @16Pis04 in the 6th house of Health is opposed by 12th house Mars which denotes a fight for one’s existence; the midpoints of Moon-Mars (thyroid gland) and Mars-Saturn (bone marrow inflammation; organ atrophy; the death axis) at Midheaven along with Mozart’s natal Mars @00Can19, a Cardinal World Point of Fame and Prominence, are very descriptive with Mars (or Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Jupiter, and/or the Moon as timing agent) - any of them are typically Angular in death horoscopes. Even transit Mars in Virgo had recently conjoined his natal Ascendant (physical body) possibly aggravating chronic health conditions and/or bringing or aggravating fever and infection (see Fire Grand Trine notes, above).

Mozart’s death (just shy of his 36th birthday which points toward Jupiter, planet of liver, gall bladder, stomach, and overindulgence) occurred under the rays of a rising 10 North Solar Eclipse @4Lib45 so this is the Pre-Natal Eclipse of his death. Significantly, 10 North is also his Pre-Natal Solar Eclipse Series (13Vir19) which conjoins natal Ascendant (12Vir41) along with his natal North Node @11Vir27 rising (born January 27, 1756 8:00 pm Salzburg, Austria; Hour of Mars, chart-ruler Mercury @8AQ08 opposes undermining Neptune Rx in Leo across the 5/11 axis of Creative Pursuits and Self-Will).

Creating stress, natal Uranus @13Pis11 conjoins natal South Node, a Saturnian point of separation, and opposes and thus triggers his Pre-Natal Solar Eclipse in the 10N Saros Series which contains themes of: 'communication, feeling tired and drained, frustrating or inhibiting events by way of paperwork, news, or a young person; taking it easy and working through things one at a time' (Brady’s Predictive Astrology).

Yet if details of his life story and final days are accurate, Mozart did not take it easy and was furiously working on a Requiem Mass (‘paperwork’) for “a mysterious stranger” — while haunted by a foreboding presentiment that the mass was actually for his own funeral, as the legend goes. Perhaps the recent opposition from transit Mars in Virgo to Mozart’s natal Uranus should be noted since the transit can indicate a dangerous encounter with a stranger, or a perilous assault of some kind.

And though Grand Trine patterns are usually considered beneficial, they may also bestow a childish view of the world and a sense of being able to do whatever one wants whenever one wants and get away with it. Overindulgence may come under this category and if you’re familiar with the life of Freemason Mozart you know how closely this description tallies with his lifestyle and attitude, even while his God-given talent for composing, playing, and conducting music lifted him up to the heights of creative heaven from whence he reigns supreme today.

Then as perhaps you've heard, causes of his early death such as poisoned pork chops or Freemasonic involvement due to his revealing certain Masonic mysteries in his opera The Magic Flute have been theorized through the years, yet it would seem that Mozart’s death horoscope points toward chronic medical conditions, taking very poor care of himself, overwork to the point of complete exhaustion, infection, and possibly an inherited health condition or organic weakness, along with extreme anxiety over financial lack and the completion of an important task as complicit culprits in his demise. Of course, any, all, or a combination of causes may be involved and most likely were.

For these conditions could certainly be described in our modern era as the gathering of a ‘perfect storm’ of unfortunate circumstances alng with draining, debilitating events for a musical genius who too-quickly burned himself out. Personally I wish he hadn't but there it is.

So to close this astro-tribute to my favorite classical composer: may Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart R.I.P.

Mystery: The Two Princes in the Tower 1483

The Two Princes, Edward and Richard, in the Tower, oil painting by John Everett Millais, 1878; Royal Holloway collection, University of London; public domain, Wikimedia Commons

Saturn, Uranus, Monarchy, and Two Inconvenient Princes

by Jude Cowell

On September 14, 2024 here on JCAstro, we considered a bi-wheel displaying Richard III's C-rated natal horoscope (inner; October 2, 1452) surrounded by a 9:00 am LMT Horoscope of the Battle of Bosworth Field, the battle during which Richard III lost his life - thus, his Death Horoscope. Included in the post are Richard III's Prenatal Eclipse ("PE" = 13 South in early Cancer with its "sinister energies" and "urge to expand meets with frustration"), plus, the Battle's Pre-Event ("PE") Solar Eclipse, Total @5Aries in the 10 North Saros Series with its themes of "frustrating events occur via communications, news, and/or young people; feeling tired or drained" (again paraphrasing B. Brady).

Note: in our era of history, a 10 North Eclipse repeats on February 17, 2026 @29Aquarius, while a 13 South repeats in June 2029 @22Gemini. Meanwhile, you may wish to check out the Wikipedia page of Edward V, one of the two Princes in the Tower, as depicted in the painting above. Alternately, why not try The Princes in the Tower page, or, any of a number of history websites regarding these mysterious matters.

Now as you know, prior to his death in battle, Uncle Richard was named Protector of his nephew Edward V, and he soon sent Edward V and later his brother Richard Duke of York, to the Tower of London "for protection." This was a common practice in those days when one was being prepared to be crowned king, for early on, the Tower was a palace, you see.

Summer 1493 London: Princes Not Seen in Public After September 1483

Thus, below are a few horoscopes concerning these mysterious and ancient matters which may be interesting to curious readers. First is a dual image of the Saturn Station of June 1483, then the Uranus Station of August 1483, two months that are prominently mentioned in online sources in relation to the Two Princes and activities surrounding them in the Tower. Yes, of course there are planetary contacts in Summer 1483 to Edward's and to brother Richard's natal planets - and to those of Richard III.

Additionally, we know that stationing planets are strengthened - with authoritative Saturn: restriction, responsibility, karma, loss, and zealous Uranus: shock, disruption, separation, attack. As for the disappearance of the Two Princes, the Saturn-Uranus planetary pairing suggests potentials for:

'Old order vs new order' issues; counter-revolutionary rule; restrictions on personal contacts due to political situations; control of access to political dissidents; sudden indifference to laws (M. Munkasey). R. Ebertin adds, battles to overcome a dangerous situation; kicking against limitation of freedom; causing unrest in one's environment; use of force; quarrels, separation.

Unfortunately, a July 1483 effort to free the captives from the Tower is reported to have been unsuccessful. Meanwhile, the following and other horoscopes (and their midpoint pictures) that I've studied suggest to me that Edward V (uncrowned yet king since the death of his father in April) was often ill and regularly visited by one or more doctors. My conclusion is that it's possible that Edward could have died from disease, either with or without "help," and that his brother Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York, was murdered because he would also have been a threat to Richard III's claim to the throne of England.

Agree or disagree as you wish, dear reader!

Even so, here are the horoscopes which had to be photo'd via my phone and finagled into this post (and I'm not very good at it!) because the Blogger uploader has ceased to work for me; hopefully you can enlarge the charts if you wish to read them:

And so my wish with this sorrowful post: may Edward V and his brother Richard of Shrewbury R.I.P.

As for King Richard III, he's been immortalized by Shakespeare, and his resting spot under a car park was disturbed in September 2012. No rest for the wicked?

The Madness of Alice in Wonderland

by Jude Cowell

Dear Reader: I am sorry to report that Blogger's Uploading function no longer opens for me so No Images of horoscopes or photos can be added to this post, or so far to Stars Over Washington's posts. A major change was recently made to this pc - an upgrade to Windows 11. If this is the culprit, and/or settings must be adjusted, non-techie me has a lot of investigating to do.

Back in October 2017, we discussed the natal horoscope of Victorian author "Lewis Carroll", his pen name. Here is the post with an image of his natal horoscope which shows his natal Moon @3Sag24 rising at Ascendant. This placement suggests he was a sensitive, emotional intuitive soul, and possibly a psychic, as we would term it today.

Meanwhile, this morning I ran across a 17M 25S video which you may find interesting for it details some of the political and social satire that his most famous novel, Alice in Wonderland, reveals for those who care to look more deeply at the hidden symbolism within his childrens book's amusing characters:

Alice in Wonderland: The Dark Meaning Behind the Madness.

What are Draconic Astrology Horoscopes?

Central Dragon; J Bar, CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons

Know Thyself via Draconic Astrology!

by Jude Cowell

As you can tell from the word Draconic and from the above image, we're talking dragon symbolism and the Nodal Axis in Astrology. Now admittedly, I've dabbled off and on with Draconic Astrology for years, primarily via legendary astrologer and Reverend Pam Crane. Then today I discovered an interesting article explaining additional information about the Draconic branch of Astrology and its usefulness for uncovering subliminal, personal unconscious, Collective Unconscious, soul purpose, ancestral memories, and more, issuing from our natal horoscopes.

Describing the Draconic Chart as a "cosmic mirror" is an intriguing way to put it, as you may agree. And my ongoing work with Genealogy plus Astrology (what I term Astro-Genealogy) will be informed by the use of Draconic Astrology Charts so if like me you're curious, you may wish to follow this link to the Wilfred Hazelwood site's article, Unlocking Your Soul's Ancient Blueprint.

Why, this cosmic information may open a whole new (old!) world for you!

A Charming Forest Depiction from Ancient Times!

by Jude Cowell, artist and family researcher

Do you know that the 1217 Charter of the Forest is actually a companion document to the Magna Carta of 1215? (1215 horoscope shown).

This I discovered today while researching online some of my family roots back into the ancient times of Clan McClellan. You see, I ran across links to the Charter of Alexander II of Scotland and found a charming forest image that reminds me of some of my early botanical depictions (though no animals tend to be drawn by yours truly because other artists do it better!).

One such example of my Prismacolor pencils-on-paper habit: Fashion Stalks Jungle.

And so I thought that perhaps a dear reader such as yourself would enjoy a view of an ancient forest as depicted way back in 1387!

Image: "A medieval forest" (1387) by Gaston III, Count of Foix. A charming scene, oui?

If you wish, follow the Charter of the Forest link, above, for more historical details.

Astrology: To Drown in Dark Waters

Astrology of the Mysterious Death of Natalie Wood

by Jude Cowell

If you've read People Magazine's article concerning the drowning death of Hollywood actress Natalie Wood off the coast of Catalina Island, you know details of that awful night.

Or perhaps you've seen the 48 Hours presentation shown here:

Video Link in case of removal.

Natalie Wood's expressed fear, her deepest fear, was always said to be drowning in "dark waters." It saddens me to this day that this was precisely her fate whether accidentally, with assistance, or due to people who were simply too drunk, or compromised, to rescue her. If you wish, you can read many details about her life and her tragic end on her Wikipedia page where you'll find the cause of her death on November 29, 1981 listed as, "drowning and other undetermined reasons."

Her body was recovered by authorities at 8:00 am on November 29, 1981 so here is a bi-wheel of her natal chart (RR:AA) surrounded by an 8:00 am chart set for November 29, 1981 near Catalina:

You'll note that at 8:00 am PST on November 29, 1981 near that location, Natalie's natal Ascendant (physical body) arose, the Moon @10Cap28 was Angular and had just crossed over her natal IC (Point of Endings), and 1981 Jupiter was in partile opposition to her natal Moon (@00Tau58, a point of violence). This transit is difficult and can threaten a pulling apart of relationships, financial issues, family disruptions, a sense of hopelessness, and/or a polarized emotional environment - even to the point of hysteria. As for 1981 Sun, it opposed Mr. Wagner's natal Jupiter (@6Gem31) indicating potentials for a bruised ego, and situations in which a display of aggression or arrogance bring unfavorable results.

Actually, there are astro-clues that a partner, or possibly both partners, were considering (another) separation from their volatile relationship. Then an additional factor is that professional jealousy between the spouses may have caused or added to a heated dispute that night - or was an ongoing discussion that got out of control. There are several other planetary contacts between the charts shown above that are beyond the scope of this brief post but one such is the 1981 North Node of public contact, publicity, and future direction (@23Can09) in Natalie's 10th house of Career and Public Status had recently pointed in turn to her natal Pluto, Mars, and Sun - and was headed toward her natal Midheaven. This powerful planetary trio in her natal chart implies a measure of workaholism, even ruthlessness, in career matters (10th house) - and at the time, Natalie's career was proceeding more successfully than Robert's.

However, we should add to this the fact that 1981 Pluto, planet of death, transformation, and regeneration, squared her natal Sun, Mars, and Pluto while opposing her natal Moon! This reveals multiple potentials for challenges to her power and influence, possible conditions of abuse, dishonest or subversive dealings, physical struggles with aggressive males, increased competitiveness, and contests of wills against those in positions of power such as studio bosses. Or perhaps jealous husbands as well.

Then if we look at the general atmosphere of 1981, it was quite grim with assassination attempts (Reagan, the Pope, foreign presidents), plus, the release of US hostages in Iran just in time to boost B-rated actor Ronald Reagan into the White House instead of re-electing the decent President Jimmy Carter. (Corruption over decency: just like in 2024/25). Yes, 1981 was a Jupiter-Saturn Conjunction year and the Decade of Greed had begun, corruption and deception firmly in tow.

Meanwhile, 1981 brought unrealistic expectations in relationships and was an issue for many folks as the fairytale wedding of Lady Diana Spencer and Prince Charles turned out to show along with relationship problems (never faraway from the Wagner-Wood off-on marriage) which obviously must have peaked in a very negative way that drunken night aboard the ill-fated yacht. Whatever their disagreements or delusions, the situation took a most peculiar and horribly tragic turn - in dark waters.

Now for more study of this sad event, the AA-rated natal chart of Robert Wagner is available; and since he was a guest aboard Wagner's yacht that night, you may wish to check out an X-rated noon natal chart of oddball yet popular actor Christopher Walken born March 31, 1943, who was then starring in the film Brainstorm with Natalie.

And in closing, here's a stand-alone view of the AA-rated natal horoscope of Natalie Wood, nee Natasha Gurdin, a lady who deserved much better than she got.

May she R.I.P.

jc

Dr. Carl Jung 1875--1961

by Jude Cowell

Pioneering psychologist Carl Jung was born July 26, 1875 in Kesswil, Switzerland at 7:24 pm BMT (C-rated; collector: Rodden). Note that Dr. Marc Edmund Jones in his book on Sabian Symbols lists Jung's birth time as 7:20 pm with the 4 minutes making about one degree difference on house cusps. If you wish to view his stand-alone natal horoscope, scurry over to astro.com.

Meanwhile, you see below a bi-wheel of Jung's natal chart (inner) surrounded by the planets at his death on June 6, 1961 in Kussnacht, Switzerland, age 85. And no, I've not found an exact hour of his passing so I've used 7:24 pm CET to set up the chart which tracks the Moon (physical body) @27Pis08 conjunct the transiting IC of Endings. It's only one Angular factor, but there it is. However, another Angular placement is a double one: transit Saturn Rx at a critical 29th degree (obstacles; blockages; stoppage; limitation; restriction; karma; depression) conjunct his natal Ascendant (1AQ25) with transit Jupiter @00AQ55 Rx. Together at Ascendant, Jupiter and Saturn bring a separative influence.

Then, this expansion-restriction planetary pair in the biological realm suggests trouble with gall and/or liver functions, while the Venus-Neptune contact in Taurus denotes a potential for glandular enlargement (R. Ebertin). Additionally, a recent contact from Mars in Leo to natal Uranus in Leo hints that an attack may have occurred and it may have been heart-related - especially with his widely opposed Saturn-Uranus pairing (Leo-AQ) which may often denote a heart blockage (R. Ebertin) for transit Mars to come along and ruffle or activate. And with Mars there can be infection and/or fever concerns:

Now there's an important aspect of Jung's spiritual life as we see through his 2nd house dissociate conjunction of wounded healer Chiron and the divine source planet, Neptune. This pairing tends to place high value on a quest for meaning, transcendance, mysticism, and enlightenment, and has much to do with his visions and dreams from an early age. In fact, Chiron-Neptune energies combined suggests cosmic imagery and visualization ability, according to Maritha Pottenger! Plus, there's a biography of Dr. Jung on Amazon titled, Carl Jung: Wounded Healer of the Soul! It's authored by Claire Dunn if you'd like to check it out (#ad).

Then if we look at a Synastry comparison between Dr. Jung's natal planets of July 26, 1875 and those of June 6, 1961 using SolarFireGold.v9 software, we find that two semi-squares (45 degrees) are present which have health associations: Mercury semi-square natal Pluto (a troubled mind; possible paranoia), and Jupiter semi-square natal Mars (low vitality; lack of motivation; overwhelmed by obstacles).

And so the pioneering doctor's death arrived after a brief illness, and as you see, at age 85, Carl Jung had already achieved a significant turning point in his life (when the past doesn't mean as much as before) through his once-in-a-lifetime Uranus Return, typically at age 84, which was actually a three-fer for him: September 1958, January 1959, and July 1959. Naturally, other transiting planets can fill out the cosmic picture at each return if you're so inclined to set up the charts and have a look.

Now each time, these returns repeated the aspects of 1875 to his natal Uranus: square Moon (stubborn; unpredictable!); Mars trine Uranus (original; skillful with occult matters; nervous energy; freedom at all costs!). Plus, his Uranus-North-Node trine gave him adaptability, many new opportunities in his life, a leaning toward liberalism, an interest in Astrology (which he used with his more difficult patients), and a beneficial public reputation for his pioneering work. And this remains the case today!

Then for his fixed Fire-Earth Sun Leo-Moon Taurus personality blend of conscious-unconscious energies, we find a man proud and inflexible with his inferiors (ex: not suffering fools?), yet personally magnetic, creative, emotionally intense, pragmatic, dependable, and confident with a regal air about him (Sun Sign-Moon Sign, Charles and Suzi Harvey #ad). The Harveys' Image for Integration which seems to me to apply to Dr. Jung and his counseling work is,

"A master potter turns dull clay into an exquisite vase."

So there we have it, dear reader. With this simple astro-tribute I say, May Carl Jung R.I.P.

And if this consideration has value for you, or you know someone who may be interested, please share this post however you please, and My Thanks to those who do! Jude

King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field

by Jude Cowell

Today, combining my usual interest in ancestral research with astrological horoscopes, I'm displaying the natal horoscope of King Richard III, the last of the Plantagenet kings of England, along with his speculatively timed Death Horoscope for he was killed at the Battle of Bosworth Field.

Full disclosure: as geni dot com informs me, Richard III is my 1st cousin 19 times removed via my paternal Strickland grandmother. Most folks may remember Richard III because his burial site was famously discovered under a car park in September 2012. His remains were excavated and reinterred more fittingly at Leicester Cathedral on March 26, 2015.

First off, here's a link to a view of the C-rated natal horoscope of Richard III. And below you see a bi-wheel with the same natal chart (center) surrounded by a speculatively timed 9:00 am LMT Horoscope of the Battle of Bosworth Field fought on August 22, 1485.

Listed below the bi-wheel are planetary contacts, plus, any Angular contacts between the two charts which are what you want to look for when considering any death horoscope. In fact, Angular planets can be used for accurate timing concerns but that's beyond the scope of this limited post:

Abbreviations: "KR" = King Richard III; "BBF" = Battle of Bosworth Field.

Along with a few midpoint pictures, planetary contacts between the October 2, 1452 chart (inner) and the August 22, 1485 chart (outer) include but are not limited to:

BBF Sun-Moon conjunct KR natal Ascendant: this may be a handy timing element suggesting that KR's birth time is close to accurate;

BBF 9:00 am Ascendant conjunct KR Sun @18Libra, an Angular contact; BBF Pluto, planet of death and transformation, nears his Libra Sun (vitality; goals) and lies between his Sun-Neptune midpoint with potentials for a tragic deception or illusion; emotional and/or physical suffering; also BBF Pluto opposes KR Mars Rx, planet of sharp weapons: power struggle, physical conflicts, overwhelmed by stronger forces;

BBF Jupiter-Saturn conjuncts KR Venus in Scorpio and opposes Moon in Taurus: lack of tenacity or endurance; easy upsets;

Angular contacts include BBF Moon conjunct BBF IC, the Angle of Endings; BBF Sun at KR MC (Midheaven = Goals and Public Status); KR Jupiter Rx @27AQ39 conjunct KR IC: entering a battle with Jupiter the General Rx is not a portent for success, plus, KR Jupiter is opposed by BFF Syzygy Moon @26Leo18 suggesting KR's desire for a good outcome but too many strong forces were aligned against Richard and perhaps a few bad decisions had been made.

Solar Eclipses of Influence

King Richard III was born into a 13 South Saros Series (4Can45) of sinister energy underneath an urge to expand; expansion contains frustration, separation, and/or loss in group endeavors; hints of evacuation and/or crisis in government may be attached. Solar Eclipses in Moon-ruled Cancer emphasize emotional extremes, and karmic family ties particularly the maternal side of the family; ancestral links may also be an issue (R.L., see below).

The Battle of Bosworth Field occurred under the auspices of a Total 10 North Eclipse (5Ari02) with themes of frustrating events with a focus on news and communications; feeling drained and tired may be attached (Brady's Predictive Astrology #ad).

Then in Mars-ruled Aries, Solar Eclipses denote issues of courage, enthusiasm, spirited competition, leadership, and seeing problems as challenges; negatively there may be anger, over-aggression, and head-strongness (Your Prenatal Eclipse, R. Lineman #ad).

So there you have it - my look at King Richard III who lost his life at the famous Battle of Bosworth Field, the final significant battle in the War of the Roses.

And now, dear reader, if any of this information seems shareworthy to you, it would be most appreciated to share if you care - and very encouraging for my efforts, too! Jude

In closing, here's a brief yet curious video which may be of interest, Opening the Medieval Stone Coffin Found at Richard III's Burial Site